模式匹配Pattern Matching

- Null checks
- Type tests
- Compare discrete values
- Relational patterns
- Show 3 more

# Null checks
```java
int? maybe = 12;
if (maybe is int number)
{
    Console.WriteLine($"The nullable int 'maybe' has the value {number}");
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("The nullable int 'maybe' doesn't hold a value");
}
```
```java
string? message = ReadMessageOrDefault();

if (message is not null)
{
    Console.WriteLine(message);
}
```
# Type tests
```java
public static T MidPoint<T>(IEnumerable<T> sequence)
{
    if (sequence is IList<T> list)
    {
        return list[list.Count / 2];
    }
    else if (sequence is null)
    {
        throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(sequence), "Sequence can't be null.");
    }
    else
    {
        int halfLength = sequence.Count() / 2 - 1;
        if (halfLength < 0) halfLength = 0;
        return sequence.Skip(halfLength).First();
    }
}
```

# Compare discrete values
```java
public State PerformOperation(Operation command) =>
   command switch
   {
       Operation.SystemTest => RunDiagnostics(),
       Operation.Start => StartSystem(),
       Operation.Stop => StopSystem(),
       Operation.Reset => ResetToReady(),
       _ => throw new ArgumentException("Invalid enum value for command", nameof(command)),
   };
```